Understanding the Different Types of Rainwater Management Systems

Water is a precious resource and increasingly, people around the world are making efforts to use is sustainably. One of the measures which is being taken to conserve water is the use of rainwater and stormwater. This has been made possible by harnessing the rainwater in rainwater management system and in stormwater management system. Rainwater harvesting and management has acquired new dimensions with the use of both manual structures and technology. Essentially, the following types of rainwater harvesting systems are used:

1.Water butts: One of the simplest systems for rainwater and stormwater management, water butts are large drums or storage barrels connected to a downpipe which brings the accumulated water from the roof, terrace and other overhead points in a building. The water collected in the drum is generally used without any treatment for gardening.

2.Direct pumped systems: In these systems, the rainwater is pumped from the roof and overhead structures to collect it in the storage tank. There are two types of direct pump rainwater management systems––submersible and suction. The submersible pump is installed in an underground tank and the water collected is used for non-potable use. Suction pumps are located near the water lines and collect the water in a tank which may be treated and used.

3.Indirect pumped systems: In these types of rainwater management systems, the water collected is first pumped to a harvester tank located at any height in or near the building. The collected water is then supplied to the outlet taps through pumps to maintain the pressure of the water.

4.Gravity systems: In certain gravity rainwater management systems, the water pipes which drain the rainwater to the underground tank are located such that the water flows through them by the action of gravity. Such systems are extremely energy efficient as they do not need a pump for the collection of the water.

5.Indirect gravity systems: In indirect gravity systems, the water collected from the rains is first pumped to an overhead tank and then allowed to fall through the action of gravity to an underground tank, from which it may be diverted as per the need of the users.

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